An introduction to classical thermodynamics and its applications to chemical systems. Topics include the properties of gases and kinetic theory, the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics, entropy and spontaneity, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies, and their applications to phase and chemical equilibria. The course also covers thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte and electrolyte solutions, chemical equilibrium, and electrochemistry. Emphasis will be placed on quantitative problem-solving, mathematical formulation of physical principles, and the connection between microscopic molecular behavior and macroscopic thermodynamic observables. Prerequisite: Successful completion (C- or better) of CHEM 112 and lab and MATH 150. It is highly recommended to complete MATH 310 prior to this course. Co-requisite: CHEM 451L lab, 1 credit hour. Fall Odd Years.