This course examines the development of a new kind of Holy War which emerged at the end of the eleventh century and transformed political, economic, social, and intellectual relations between Christians, Muslims, and Jews. Although the course concentrates on the period from 1095 CE through 1300 CE, it will also address how the idea of crusading has changed over time, influencing modern rhetoric on the idea of a crusade. Prerequisite: must have six credit hours of History or permission of instructor. Offered every three years or as needed.